The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 years.